NASA said Friday the first cosmic images from the James Webb Space Telescope
will include unprecedented views of distant galaxies, bright nebulae, and a
faraway giant gas planet.
The US, European and Canadian space agencies are gearing up for a big reveal
on July 12 of early observations by the $10 billion observatory, the
successor to Hubble that is set to reveal new insights into the origins of
the universe.
"I'm looking very much forward to not having to keep these secrets anymore,
that will be a great relief," Klaus Pontoppidan, an astronomer at the Space
Telescope Science Institute (STSI) that oversees Webb, told AFP last week.
An international committee decided the first wave of full-color scientific
images would include the Carina Nebula, an enormous cloud of dust and gas
7,600 light years away, as well as the Southern Ring Nebula, which surrounds
a dying star 2,000 light years away.
Carina Nebula is famous for its towering pillars that include "Mystic
Mountain," a three-light-year-tall cosmic pinnacle captured in an iconic
image by Hubble.
Webb has also carried out a spectroscopy—an analysis of light that reveals
detailed information—on a faraway gas giant called WASP-96 b, which was
discovered in 2014.
Nearly 1,150 light-years from Earth, WASP-96 b is about half the mass of
Jupiter and zips around its star in just 3.4 days.
Next comes Stephan's Quintet, a compact galaxy 290 million light years away.
Four of the five galaxies within the quintet are "locked in a cosmic dance
of repeated close encounters," NASA said.
Finally, and perhaps most enticing of all, Webb has gathered an image using
foreground galaxy clusters called SMACS 0723 as a kind of cosmic magnifying
glass for the extremely distant and faint galaxies behind it.
This is known as "gravitational lensing" and uses the mass of foreground
galaxies to bend the light of objects behind them, much like a pair of
glasses.
Dan Coe, an astronomer at STSI, told AFP on Friday that even in its first
images, the telescope had broken scientific ground.
"When I first saw the images... of this deep field of this galaxy cluster
lensing, I looked at the images, and I suddenly learned three things about
the universe that I didn't know before," he said.
"It's totally blown my mind."
Webb's infrared capabilities allow it to see deeper back in time to the Big
Bang, which happened 13.8 billion years ago, than any instrument before it.
Because the Universe is expanding, light from the earliest stars shifts from
the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths it was emitted in, to longer
infrared wavelengths—which Webb is equipped to detect at an unprecedented
resolution.
Source: Link
Tags:
Space & Astrophysics