Newspapers regularly carry stories of terrifying shark attacks, but in a
paper published today, Oxford-led researchers reveal their discovery of a
3,000-year-old victim—attacked by a shark in the Seto Inland Sea of the
Japanese archipelago.
The research in Journal of Archeological Science: Reports, shows that this
body is the earliest direct evidence for a shark attack on a human and an
international research team has carefully recreated what happened—using a
combination of archeological science and forensic techniques.
The grim discovery of the victim was made by Oxford researchers J. Alyssa
White and Professor Rick Schulting while investigating evidence for violent
trauma on the skeletal remains of prehistoric hunter-gatherers at Kyoto
University. They came upon No. 24, from the previously excavated site of
Tsukumo, an adult male riddled with traumatic injuries.
"We were initially flummoxed by what could have caused at least 790 deep,
serrated injuries to this man," say the Oxford pair. "There were so many
injuries and yet he was buried in the community burial ground, the Tsukumo
Shell-mound cemetery site."
They continue, "The injuries were mainly confined to the arms, legs, and
front of the chest and abdomen. Through a process of elimination, we ruled
out human conflict and more commonly-reported animal predators or
scavengers."
Since archeological cases of shark reports are extremely rare, they turned
to forensic shark attack cases for clues and worked with expert George
Burgess, Director Emeritus of the Florida Program for Shark Research. And a
reconstruction of the attack was put together by the international team.
The team concluded that the individual died more than 3,000 years ago,
between 1370 to 1010 BC. The distribution of wounds strongly suggest the
victim was alive at the time of attack; his left hand was sheared off,
possibly a defense wound.
Individual No. 24's body had been recovered soon after the attack and buried
with his people at the cemetery. Excavation records showed he was also
missing his right leg and his left leg was placed on top of his body in an
inverted position.
According to the pair, "Given the injuries, he was clearly the victim of a
shark attack. The man may well have been fishing with companions at the
time, since he was recovered quickly. And, based on the character and
distribution of the tooth marks, the most likely species responsible was
either a tiger or white shark."
Co-author Dr. Mark Hudson, a researcher with the Max Planck Institute, says,
"The Neolithic people of Jomon Japan exploited a range of marine
resources... It's not clear if Tsukumo 24 was deliberately targeting sharks
or if the shark was attracted by blood or bait from other fish. Either way,
this find not only provides a new perspective on ancient Japan, but is also
a rare example of archeologists being able to reconstruct a dramatic episode
in the life of a prehistoric community."
Reference:
J. Alyssa White et al, 3000-year-old shark attack victim from Tsukumo
shell-mound, Okayama, Japan, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
(2021). DOI:
10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103065